유도용액으로 혼합비료를 사용한 정삼투식 해수담수화에서 담수화 성능에 대한 유도용액 농도의 영향
The Effect of Draw Solution Concentration on Forward Osmosis Desalination Performance Using Blended Fertilizer as Draw Solution
(Received October 3, 2013, Revised October 11, 2013, Accepted October 11, 2013)
Abstract
This study is to investigate the effects of the draw solution concentration on forward osmosis desalination performanceusing blended fertilizer as draw solution. As the concentration of blended fertilizer solution (draw solution) increased,the water permeate flux increased nearly linearly, but PR (performance ratio) was reduced. Using sea water and deionizedwater as the feed solution, respectively, at the blended fertilizer solution of 600 g/L H2O, the PR obtained were 5.39and 6.50, respectively. And as the concentration of blended fertilizer solution increased, the reverse solute flux for nitrogen(N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) increased nearly linearly, but specific reverse solute flux for them was reduced. Thereverse solute flux and specific reverse solute flux became higher in the order of N > K > P.
forward osmosis,blended fertilizer,desalination,water permeate flux,performance ratio,reverse solute flux
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Reference
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13.S. Phnuntsho, H. K. Shon, S. Hong, S. Lee, S. Vigneswaran, and J. Kandasamy, "Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis desalination : the concept, performance and limitation for fertigation", Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol., DOI 10.1007/s11157- 011-9259-2 (2011).
14.S. Phnuntsho, H. K. Shon, S. Hong, S. Lee, and S. Vigneswaran, "A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions", J. Membr. Sci., 375, 172 (2011).
15.S. Phuntsho, H. K. Shon, T. Majeed, I. E. Saliby, S. Vigneswaran, J. Kandasamy, S. Hong, and S. Lee, "Blended fertilizers as draw solutions for fertilizer- drawn forward osmosis desalination", Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4567 (2012).
2.E. O. Ko, J. D. Moon, and J. M. Park, "Status-ofarts of desalination technology", Membrane Journal, 20(3), 185 (2010).
3.Y. Kim, N. Kim, and Y. T. Lee, "A study on chlorine resistance improvement of reverse osmosis membrane by surface modification", Membrane Journal, 15(4), 320 (2005).
4.http://www.globalwaterintel.com/gwi-events/
5.C. H. Boo, "Investigation of fouling behavior in forward osmosis (FO) for seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation", M.S. Dissertation. Korea University, Seoul (2010).
6.Y. Xu, X. Peng, C. Y. Tang, Q. S. Fu, and S. Nie, "Effect of draw solution concentration and operating conditions on forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis performance in a spiral wound module", J. Membr. Sci., 348, 298 (2010).
7.T. S. Chung, S. Zhang, K. Y. Wang, J. Su, and M. M. Ling, "Forward osmosis processes: Yesterday, today and tomorrow", Desalination, 287, 78 (2012).
8.C. kim, S. Lee, H. K. Shon, M. Elimelech, and S. Hong, "Boron transport in forward osmosis : Measurements, mechanisms, and comparison with reverse osmosis", J. Membr. Sci., 419-420, 42 (2012).
9.G. T. Gray, J. R. McCutcheon, and M. Elimelech, "Internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis : role of membrane orientation", Desalination, 197, 1 (2006).
10.J. R. McCutcheon, R. L. Mc Ginnis, and M. Elimelech, "A novel ammonia-carbon dioxide forward (direct) osmosis desalination process", Desalination, 174, 1 (2005).
11.N. T. Hancock and T. Y. Cath, "Solute coupled diffusion in osmotically driven membrane processes", Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 6769 (2009).
12.J. R. McCutcheon, R. L. Mc Ginnis, and M. Elimelech, "Desalination by ammonia-carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance", J. Membr. Sci., 278, 114 (2006).
13.S. Phnuntsho, H. K. Shon, S. Hong, S. Lee, S. Vigneswaran, and J. Kandasamy, "Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis desalination : the concept, performance and limitation for fertigation", Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol., DOI 10.1007/s11157- 011-9259-2 (2011).
14.S. Phnuntsho, H. K. Shon, S. Hong, S. Lee, and S. Vigneswaran, "A novel low energy fertilizer driven forward osmosis desalination for direct fertigation: Evaluating the performance of fertilizer draw solutions", J. Membr. Sci., 375, 172 (2011).
15.S. Phuntsho, H. K. Shon, T. Majeed, I. E. Saliby, S. Vigneswaran, J. Kandasamy, S. Hong, and S. Lee, "Blended fertilizers as draw solutions for fertilizer- drawn forward osmosis desalination", Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 4567 (2012).